Dolce di Rossano
Biological and Agronomic Characteristics
It is prevalent on the Ionian side of the province of Cosenza, d from Corigliano to Cariati where, in the oldest olive groves, it makes up more than 90 % of the trees. It is also present in inland areas of the same province and in the northern part of the Croton area. The total spread is of the order of 20,000 Ha.
“La Dolce” is called Rossano’s because, although it has a rather wide distribution range, it is concentrated with considerable intensity in the Rossano area. It tends to alternate, and is very sensitive to both “Cycloconium” and “Dacus.”The cultivar was found to be practically self-sterile; in traditional olive groves, plants of the cv “Tondina”, “Grossa di Cassano”, an undefined variety called “Pugliese” and sporadically others.
L’invaiatura è relativamente precoce e scalare, l’inoliazione è medio-tardiva e la resa in olio è del 18-20%. Si dovrebbe raccogliere in novembre quando la resa in olio non è al massimo ma le caratteristiche organolettiche e la conservabilità dell’olio risultano migliori, mediocre è risultata l’idoneità alla raccolta meccanica.
Le piante sono sensibili al cicloconio e le drupe agli attacchi di mosca; sono molto produttive ma l’alternanza è accentuata.
La produzione media complessiva è superiore a 45.000 ton. di olive ed è destinata esclusivamente alla estrazione dell’olio.
Poco o affatto utilizzata nei nuovi impianti, la diffusione della cultivar è in fase decrescente, inoltre in diversi oliveti si riscontrano rimpiazzi o rinfittimenti con altre cultivar (es. “Coratina”) per dar un più marcato sentore di fruttato e conservabilità all’olio.Roggianella
Biological and Agronomic Characteristics
Tondina is one of the most widespread cultivars in the province of Cosenza even though it does not predominate in any of the individual olive-growing districts.
Since its distribution area is therefore not well defined, it often has different names (Rotondella, Roggianese, Vernile, Amaro, Gaetana).
It has no special requirements with respect to climate and soil, given its extreme adaptability to different environments.
It has a tendency to alternate; in fact, in filler years it flowers and fruits in very high numbers. It is much attacked by mange, less so by Dacus.
The harvest time for its use as a black table olive is usually November, while the harvest for oil extraction is much later(December-January). Cultivar of local interest.
Carolea
Biological and Agronomic Characteristics
Synonyms: “BECCO DI CORVO”,“OLIVONA”,“NICASTRESE”,“CATANZARESE”,“CUMIGNANA”,“SQUILLACIOTA”,“POLICASTRESE”, “BORGESE”,
“NICASTRESE”, “CORTALESE”, “CATANZARESE”, “CUMIGNANA” and others.
Areas of spread: present throughout Calabria.It predominates in the entire province of Catanzaro; it is widespread to a significant extent in the provinces of Crotone and Cosenza and in small percentages in the provinces of Vibo Valentia and Reggio Calabria. It enters the “Bruzio” extra virgin olive oil PDO.
Like all ancient and widespread varieties, it consists of a multiclonal population with significant differences both phenotypically and genetically among the different entities. Characterized by medium vigor it lends itself very well to mechanical harvesting of drupes, with the use of shakers, and with yields varying from 80% to 95%. It is self-sterile so requires appropriate pollinators. In traditional olive groves “Ottobratica,” “Romanella,” etc. are found as pollinator varieties. The veraison is late and scalar, the inoliation is early and concentrated, and the oil yield varies according to the time of harvest.
Resistant to cold and mange, it has seldom been found to be affected by verticillosis, while it is very susceptible to cycloconium, fly and zeuzera. Yields are abundant but alternating. The optimal harvest time varies from the second half of October to November for olives intended for oil extraction, brought forward about a month for table olives.
Oil with good organoleptic and sensory characteristics that on the whole indicate good quality oils. Self-sterile, so it requires appropriate pollinators. Productions are abundant but alternating. About 97% of the product is destined for oil extraction and, despite the good product characteristics, just 3% for tanning. The oil yield is on the average values.Coratina
Biological and Agronomic Characteristics
The Coratina olive tree is characterized by having medium size and due to the fact that it develops a rather expansive foliage that, at the same time, has rather short ramifications, but in any case has interesting and remarkable aptitudes for cultivation.
The Coratina olive tree is also characterized by having a vigor that falls within the average of the genus to which it belongs, but above all, it has the particularity of being adaptable: in fact, it is able to develop without particular problems on many different types of soils, even on those that are stony or have a high concentration of limestone.
In any case, the adaptability of which the Coratina olive tree makes a main characteristic is partly related to an excellent rhizogenic aptitude: in short, it has a good ability to make, with great ease, roots that have no complications or problems.
Without a shadow of a doubt, we must highlight how the highest production of this variety of olive tree occurs, in any case, on fertile hills and also on those that can rely on a good irrigation system.
In addition, it is also interesting to highlight how the Coratina olive plant manages to provide an excellent level of resistance against a large number of hazards and adversities, including several diseases.
Biancolilla
Biological and Agronomic Characteristics
Synonyms
BIANCOLELLA a Piaggine and Valle dell’Angelo.
Origin, spread, importance
Unknown origin. Quite widespread especially in the territory of the municipalities of Valle dell’Angelo, Piaggine and Laurino, where it is grown together with Groia.
It is a variety much appreciated for productivity, yield and especially for the organoleptic characteristics of the oil, considered excellent.
The name derives from the fact that at veraison the fruits take on a pale green color before the appearance of the vinous red color and such are maintained until December-January; thereafter they turn black.
Agronomic characteristics
The plant is of medium-low vigor and has a semi-sloping habit.
It is considered to be self-incompatible. It does not alternate but rather produces more or less every year. Late, base-driven, gradual veraison. It is moderately resistant to fly; susceptible to mange, resistant to peacock eye; less resistant than Groia to low temperatures. In filler years, especially in summer-autumn drought years, fruits are nearly spherical.
Yield 18 – 20%.